# Predestination and Election Study ## Background - Started 2016.07.09 ## Questions - What does the Bible say about predestination & election? - Is our destiny set or is it conditional on something? - Why did God choose us? ## ToDo - Study - Research "elect" - Transfer - [[y_STUFF_TO_PROCESS/2e_NOTES_(OTHER)/Predestination & Elect Bible Study.odt]] - [[Predestination vs Free-Will.ods]] ## Takeaways - The idea that God chooses the destiny of people is at the center of the predestination concept. ## Chapter by Chapter Notes --- ### Genesis 1 Date {[[Genesis_01|Genesis 1.26-28]]} - --- ### Genesis 17 Date {5} --- ### Numbers 21:8-9 --- ### Deuteronomy 30 Date (17 & 19) --- ### Joshua 24:15 --- ### 1 Samuel 2 {8} --- ### 1 Samuel 8:1-22 --- ### 2 Samuel 24:13-14 --- ### Esther 3:12-14 --- ### Job 42:2 --- ### Psalm 115:3 --- ### Psalm 139.16 2021.08.11 - David said that all of his days were written in God’s book and ordained for him even before he was born - This could be “foreknowledge” or it could be predestination or both SS - P & F --- ### Ecclesiastes 3:14 --- ### Daniel 4:35 --- ### Isaiah 6 {9-10} --- ### Isaiah 14 {24} --- ### Isaiah 37 {26} --- ### Jeremiah 1 {5} --- ### Matthew 7 2024.02.11 {[[Matthew_07|Matthew 7.13-14]]} - The language in these two verses imply we have a choice to enter through the wide gate or the narrow gate. --- ### Matthew 11 2024.02.11 {[[Matthew_11|Matthew 11.20-24]]} - I don't see anything related to this study in this paragraph --- ### Matthew 13 2024.02.11 {10-17} - Based on Isaiah's prophecy, it could be said that the Israelite's let their hearts grow dull which was keeping them from being given the secrets of the kingdom of heaven. - However, Jesus said the secrets were a gift. So, they are not "earned" by a soft heart but rather given by the choice of the giver, God. 2021.08.11 {10-17} - Based on what Isaiah wrote, It would seem that it was because the people’s heart had grown callous, they didn’t hear or see. Furthermore, he implied that if their heart wasn’t callous, they might see, hear and understand. - Although there are no “keywords” the entire paragraph makes a strong statement 2016.07.13 {10-17} - For some reason, the knowledge of the Kingdom was given to the disciples, but not the “people”. {11} - Not only was the initial knowledge given to a select few, but they would get even more. {12} ### Matthew 20 2024.02.11 {16} - There is nothing in this paragraph to indicate we have a direct "choice" in the order (first / last) we will experience in the kingdom of heaven. {16} 2016.07.16 {16} - The BYZ and TR include “For many are called {[[G2822]]}, but few chosen {[[G1588]]}.” - Even without the additional phrase, Jesus’ statement implies some sort of predestined order (first / last) in the future Kingdom. 2024.02.11 {17-19} - Clearly, there were lots of prophecies about Jesus that already came true and many more yet to be realized. - However, I don't see anything in this paragraph for or against predestination and election 2016.07.13 {23} - The Father prepared special seats for some. {23} - This implies He knows in advance who will get those special seats. {23} ### Matthew 22 2016.07.16 {14} - There seems to be separate activities by God - Called = [[G2822]] - Chosen = [[G1588]] - This would strongly suggest that the choosing is up to God and not us. ### Matthew 24 2016.07.15 {22-25} - Jesus predicted this long before it will happen (25) - Who are the "[[G1588|elect"]] and who elected them?? {22 & 24} 2021.08.12 {30-31} - The context doesn’t provide any insight into the meaning of “elect”. Nevertheless, the "elect" will be "gathered" ### Matthew 25 2021.08.12 {34} - The kingdom inheritance was prepared for those on the right. - It is possible that those on the right got there by making their free-will choices. It is also possible that Jesus was saying that the people who make up those on the right were selected from the foundation of the world. 2016.07.13 {34} - Our inheritance was prepared for us from the beginning. --- ### Mark 10:17-22 --- ### Mark 13 2021.08.12 - Verse 20 is the verse to put this to bed. The Lord, chose ([[G1586]]) the elect ([[G1588]]) {20} - Jesus told the disciples who told us all this in advance. I believe this statement coupled with all the others in the passage add weight to the “Predestination” view. - It would seem "impossible" for the elect to be deceived {22} 2016.07.14 {20, 22, 27} - The Lord chose the elect([[G1588]]) and will shorten the tribulation days for them {20} - Later (27), he will gather the elect from the ends of the earth {27} ### Luke 6 2021.08.13 {13} - I disagree with my note on 2016.07.14 - I am now defining predestination as “God chose us, we didn’t choose Him” - I think this is a perfect example of predestination, albeit of the 12 apostles 2016.07.14 {13} - Although Jesus “chose” ([[G1586]]) the disciples (13), this passage doesn’t imply “predestination”. --- ### Luke 9:23-24 --- ### Luke 13:34 --- ### Luke 15:17-20 --- ### Luke 18 2021.08.12 {7} - The context doesn’t provide any insight into the meaning of “elect” {7} 2016.07.14 {7-8} - God will bring justice for His elect ([[G1588]]) {7} - However, there are some questions about the connection between faith and the elect (8). This seems to confirm that the being “elect” isn’t connected with any action (faith) on my part. - See my study on Faith ([[G4102]]) {7-8} ### Luke 22 2021.08.14 {21-22} - Although in this short snipit, it isn’t clear that Judas was the betrayer, however, in the preceding verses 3-5, Luke makes it clear. 2016.07.14 {22} - Although Jesus’ predestination is in view here, it isn’t clear that Judas’ is. - Has been determined ([[G3724]]) could be another form of "predestination" ### Luke 23 2021.08.15 {35} - "I" is the “people” talking, and therefore I don’t think it should be used as a absolute characterization of Jesus. However, assuming He is the “Chosen One” the usage agrees with my view of the meaning of the Greek word. So, if [[G1588]] means that Jesus was chosen to die for our sins before we were created, then when [[G1588]] is used to talk about us being chosen, then it probably has the same meaning. 2016.07.16 {35} - This seems to be a slightly different use of [[G1588]] for “Chosen” ### John 6 2021.08.15 - I disagree with my comment on 2016.07.15. Since Jesus chose ([[G1586]]) them, how were they not predestined to be Jesus’ disciples? {70} - Although Jesus “chose” the 12, He implied in **verse 67** that they had the “free-will” to leave Him like the other had. {67} - I am adding another column to the tallies; C&FW. It would seem that this passage shows that not only did Jesus choose them, but maybe they had the freewill to leave Him {67-70} 7/15/16 - Although Jesus “chose” the disciples, this passage doesn’t imply “predestination”. {70} ### John 13 2021.08.15 - I disagree with my comment on 2016.07.15. Since Jesus chose them, how were they not predestined to be Jesus’ disciples? 7/15/16 - Although Jesus “chose” ([[G1586]]) the disciples, this passage doesn’t imply “predestination” for the choosing of the disciples. - However, it was foretold that one of them was “predestined” to be a traitor. ### John 15 2016.07.15 {16-19} - This sure sounds like “predestination” to me. {16} - Jesus did three “choosings” ([[G1586]]) in these 4 verses.(16-19) ### Acts 2 2021.08.16 - In addition to an implied “predestination” Peter specifically mentions God’s foreknowledge ([[G4268]]) {23} 2016.07.16 {23} - God had a set ([[G3724]]) plan ([[G1012]]) (predestined) for Jesus to be crucified. ### Acts 4 2016.07.09 {28} - Even Jesus’ death was predestined. There are many OT verses that prophesied it. ### Acts 10 {42} ### Acts 11 {29} ### Acts 13 2025.03.03 - God chose ([[G1586]]) the Israelites {17} - Not sure what I meant in my comment below dated, 2017.12.04. However, it now seems clear that Luke / Paul laid out a sequence that starts with: - 1. God appoints someone for eternal life - 2. That person "believes" 2017.12.04 {48} - Luke mentions that all those who were appointed ([[G5021]]) for eternal ([[G0166]]) life ([[G2222]]) believed ([[G4100]]). I don’t recall a qualifier like this in other places. ### Acts 15 {7} ### Acts 17 {26} ### Acts 17 {31} ### Romans 1 2025.03.03 {1, 6, 7} - There are three occurrences of "called" ([[G2822]]) in these seven verses - Based on Matthew's quotes of Jesus in Matthew 20.16 and Matthew 22.14, it would appear the best definition of this Greek word is "many are called ([[G2822]]), but few are chosen ([[G1588]])" - Called and chosen are not the same ### Romans 4 2016.09.07 {17} - It is / was God who made Abraham a father of many nations. - God is in control of the outcome. ### Romans 8 2017.12.04 - This is one of the strongest passages to support election / predestination - There are lots of “predestination” related phrases in this passage: - We are called ([[G2822]]) according to His purpose ([[G4286]]) {28} - God foreknew ([[G4267]]) us {29} - God predestined ([[G4309]]) us {29 & 30} - Called ([[G2564]]) {30-x2} - We, believers are God’s elect ([[G1588]]) {33} ### Romans 9.23 {19-29} - will {19} - make {20, 21} - prepared for destruction {22} - prepared ... for glory {23} - called {24} - I will call {24, 25-x2, 26}### Romans 10:9-10 --- ### Romans 11 2024.02.23 - God foreknew His people, the Israelites {[[G4267]]} {2} - There is a remnant [[chosen]] {[[G1589]]} by [[grace]] {[[G5485]]}, not by [[works]] {5-6} - The "[[elect]]" {[[G1589]]} obtained what Israel was seeking but failed to obtain {7} - The Gentiles (us) were grafted into the root of Israel. Paul refers to the two people groups as: - Gentiles => wild olive shoot {17} - Israel => natural branches {21} - WRT the gospel {[[G2098]]}, the Israelite are enemies on the account of the Gentiles. But, WRT [[election]] {[[G1589]]}, they are loved on account of the patriarchs. {28} - Paul continues about the Israelites saying: - God’s [[gift|gifts]] {[[G5486]]} and His [[calling|call]] {[[G2821]]} are irrevocable {[[G0278]]} . {29} ### Romans 16 Date {13} {[[G1588]]} ### 1 Corinthians 1 will {1} called {2, 9, 24} 2016.07.09 {26-29} - God did a lot of “choosing” in this passage. - It would seem He is in charge of our destiny. - Chose (27-x2, 28) = G1586 ### 1 Corinthians 3 - ?? ?? ### 1 Corinthians 2 - God destined for our glory before time began {7} ### Galatians 1 - Deserting the one who called you {6} ### Ephesians 1 2025.03.07 - "chosen" is not in the Greek, but is in the Aramaic {11} 2016.07.09 - It isn’t clear who the “us” is chosen {[[G1586]]}. Since Paul is writing to the Ephesians, it seems reasonable he is talking about the believers there as well as himself. {4} - He (God) predestined {[[G4309]]} us for adoption as His sons {5} - We were chosen ([[G2820]]) ... predestined ([[G4309]]) according to the plan ([[G4286]]) ... will {[[G2307]]} {11} ### Ephesians 2 2016.07.09 {10} - God prepared in advance ([[G4282]]) the good works we are to do. ### Ephesians 3 - Eternal purpose ([[G4286]]) {11} ### Philippians 2 {10-13} ### Colossians 3 {[[G1588]]} {12} ### 1 Timothy 5 - {[[G1588]]} {21} ### 2 Timothy 2 - {[[G1588]]} {10} ### 1 Thessalonians 2 - {12} ### 1 Thessalonians 5 - God appointed us {9} ### 2 Thessalonians 2 {13-15} ### Titus 1 2021.08.11 {1} - The way I see this, God chose the “elect” ([[G1588]]) before time began. - He gave the chosen faith and knowledge of the truth - Then, if there is any sort of free-will, it would be how the elect use the faith and knowledge to get godliness ### Titus 2 {12} ### Hebrews 4 {7} ### James 1 - Look at the condition that is on receiving the crown {12} ### James 2 7/9/16 2016.07.09 {5} - God made the choice ([[G1586]]). It isn’t clear whether He made the choice before today. This could support predestination or be neutral. ### James 4 {4} ### 1 Peter 1.1-2 DATE - foreknowledge {2} - foreknown / chosen {20} 2024.03.17 {1} - In **verse 1**, elect probably refers exclusively to the scattered messianic Jews. There is a chance Gentile Christians could be included in these numbers. However, there is nothing in the immediate context to support that conclusion. As we do the study of the entire book, if it becomes apparent either way, I will update this note. - One interesting thought: - since - this occurrence of (G1588) definitely applies to Jews - it seems clear from the rest of scripture that God was the exclusive chooser of the Jews, not the Jews - then - it would seem reasonable to assume that when scripture uses (G1588), that occurrence also describes God as the chooser unless the context is clear otherwise. ### 1 Peter 2 DATE {6, 9} - Jesus is a "chosen" cornerstone {[[G1588]]} - Chosen people {[[G1588]]} --- ### 1 Peter 5 - Who has called us to His eternal glory {10} --- ### 2 Peter 1 {10} ### 1 John 5 {11-13} ### 2 John 1 - {[[G1588]]} {1} - {[[G1588]]} {13} ### Jude 1 Date {1} - [[G2822]] --- ### Revelation 13 {7-8} ### Revelation 17 - {[[G1588]]} {14} - G2822 ### Revelation 19.9 {19} ### Revelation 22:17 {17} ## Other Notes - See also: - [[OTHER_RESOURCES/Omnitemporailty - The Trinity Review - Parkinson.pdf|Omnitemporailty - The Trinity Review - Parkinson]] - [[God_Perspective|God's Perspective]] - Looking at this topic from God's perspective instead of ours - Notes on video from [[Name_Key#^nk-62|M]] - Video link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgTyATGSRKk - Thoughts - It appears the translation used by the author is New King James or something similar - In verse 10, (G3622) is translated "dispensation". Although not a "wrong" translation, it isn't a word we typically use today - At ~ 9:00, the author made an unsupported statement that "a pre-choosing of individual is not being taught here" - To some degree, I agree with the author's take on the predestination. However, because he eisegesis the phrase "He chose us" in Ephesians 1.4, he went down a trail that is not supported by scripture - At ~ 11:35, the author says the text does not support a pre-choosing of individuals again, without justification. However, @ ~ 12.55, it seems he solidified the prechosen theology - For those opposed to the view that some are chosen and others are not, please explain all the people in India who lived and died without ever even hearing the gospel - I watched the video as a favor, but I have no desire to do that again. The video further confirmed that I need to stick to Nuda Scriptura!